Soy protein enzymatic hydrolysis and polysaccharides interactions: differential performance on kinetic adsorption at air-water interface

The objective of the work was to study the impact of soy protein hydrolysis on kinetic adsorption to the air-water interface and the effect of polysaccharides addition. Was used soy protein (SP) and theirs hydrolysates of 2% (H1) and 5.4% (H2) degree of hydrolysis. The polysaccharides (PS) used were a surface active one called E4M and a non-surface active one, lamda carrageenan (C). The dynamic surface pressure of interfacial films was evaluated with a drop tensiometer. In this contribution, we have determined the kinetic parameters of adsorption to the air-water interface which determined the penetration (Kp) and rearrangement (Kr) rates of SP, H1, H2 and PS, as well as their mixed systems. It was observed an increase of Kp and Kr when the protein were hydrolyzed (from SP to H1), however, when degree of hydrolysis progresses to H2 the parameters decreased again. In other hand, considerable differences were not found between these two PS studied concerning the Kp to air-water interface at these conditions. In spite of the different surface active nature of the PS, the proteins seem to control the behavior of the protein-PS interactions. However, when Kr of mixed systems was analyzed, the degree of hydrolysis and PS nature started to have a huge importance. Hence, it could be observed synergic or antagonic effects on Kr of biopolymers at liquid interface depending to the degree of hydrolysis of protein analyzed and the type of PS selected.CYTED through project 105PI0274CYCYT through grant AGL2007-60045Junta de Andalucía through grant PO6-AGR-01535Universidad de Buenos Aires, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2008-1901) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentin

Rapidly self-deoxygenating controlled radical polymerization in water via in situ disproportionation of Cu(i)

Rapidly self-deoxygenating Cu-RDRP in aqueous media is investigated. The disproportionation of Cu(I)/Me6Tren in water towards Cu(II) and highly reactive Cu(0) leads to O2-free reaction environments within the first seconds of the reaction, even when the reaction takes place in the open-air. By leveraging this significantly fast O2-reducing activity of the disproportionation reaction, a range of well-defined water-soluble polymers with narrow dispersity are attained in a few minutes or less. This methodology provides the ability to prepare block copolymers via sequential monomer addition with little evidence for chain termination over the lifetime of the polymerization and allows for the synthesis of star-shaped polymers with the use of multi-functional initiators. The mechanism of self-deoxygenation is elucidated with the use of various characterization tools, and the species that participate in the rapid oxygen consumption is identified and discussed in detail

Approximate results for rainbow labelings

Article de recercaPreprin

Decomposing almost complete graphs by random trees

Preprin

El régimen de los servicios al ciudadano en el Anteproyecto de Ley de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local.

El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general a los profesionales del derecho de la regulación que contiene el Anteproyecto de Ley de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local de 24 de mayo de 2013 sobre los servicios públicos locales, especialmente en lo concerniente a su evaluación conforme al denominado coste estándar y al traspaso de servicios mínimos, así como de las consideraciones que al efecto ha realizado el Consejo de Estado y teniendo como punto de partida el hecho de que la reforma de la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, se lleva a cabo desde un punto de vista economicista que deja a un lado aspectos tan importantes como la calidad de los servicios o el principio de autonomía local. - This article seeks to provide an overview of the legal profession of the regulation that contains the draft of the Bill of rationalization and sustainability of the Local Administration of May 24 of 2013 on the local public services, especially in terms of their evaluation in accordance with the so-called standard cost and the transfer of minimum services, as well as the considerations that, in effect has made the Council of State and taking as its starting point the fact that the reform of the Law 7/1985, of April 2, is carried out from a purely economic point of view that leaves a side aspects as important as the quality of the services or the principle of local autonomy

Decomposing almost complete graphs by random trees

An old conjecture of Ringel states that every tree with m edges decomposes the complete graph K2m+1. The best known lower bound for the order of a complete graph which admits a decomposition by every given tree with m edges is O(m3). We show that asymptotically almost surely a random tree with m edges and p=2m+1 a prime decomposes K2m+1(r) for every r=2, the graph obtained from the complete graph K2m+1 by replacing each vertex by a coclique of order r. Based on this result we show, among other results, that a random tree with m+1 edges a.a.s. decomposes the compete graph K6m+5 minus one edge.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Multi-agent simulations for emergency situations in an airport scenario

This paper presents a multi-agent framework using Net- Logo to simulate humanand collective behaviors during emergency evacuations. Emergency situationappears when an unexpected event occurs. In indoor emergency situation, evacuation plans defined by facility manager explain procedure and safety ways tofollow in an emergency situation. A critical and public scenario is an airportwhere there is an everyday transit of thousands of people. In this scenario theimportance is related with incidents statistics regarding overcrowding andcrushing in public buildings. Simulation has the objective of evaluating buildinglayouts considering several possible configurations. Agents could be based onreactive behavior like avoid danger or follow other agent, or in deliberative behaviorbased on BDI model. This tool provides decision support in a real emergencyscenario like an airport, analyzing alternative solutions to the evacuationprocess.Publicad

A new source of the long version of the Castigos de Sancho IV:\ud el Libro de las donas

Los Castigos de Sancho IV fueron sometidos a un intenso proceso\ud de ampliación que dio lugar a una nueva versión de la obra, que denomino\ud extensa. En este trabajo se da noticia de una de las fuentes utilizadas para\ud efectuar las adiciones, el Libro de las donas, traducción al castellano de\ud la obra homónima escrita en catalán por Francesc Eiximenis. Ello permite\ud retrasar la datación de la versión extensa de Castigos hasta el siglo xv. Pero\ud esta obra ha servido como fuente también para algunos pasajes del manuscrito\ud E de la versión breve (Z-III-4 del Escorial), lo que necesariamente hace que\ud nos cuestionemos su tradición manuscrita y, lo que es más importante, si\ud los fragmentos procedentes del Libro de las donas deben incluirse en una\ud edición crítica de la versión breve de los Castigos de Sancho IV.The Castigos of Sancho IV were put under an intense process of\ud extension that gave rise to a new version of the work, whicht I denominate\ud long version. In this article I give notice of one of the sources used to\ud carry out the additions, the Libro de las donas, Castilian translation of the\ud homonymous work written in Catalan by Francesc Eiximenis. It allows to\ud delay the dating of the long version of Castigos until century xv. But this\ud work has served like source also for some passages of the manuscript E\ud of the short version (Escorial, Z-III.4), what makes necessary to question\ud about its manuscript tradition and, which is more important, if the fragments\ud coming from Libro de las donas must be included in a critical edition of the\ud short version of the Castigos de Sancho IV

Effect of consuming a grape seed supplement with abundant phenolic compounds on the oxidative status of healthy human volunteers

et al.[Background]: Diverse enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants provide protection against reactive oxygen species in humans and other organisms. The nonenzymatic antioxidants include low molecular mass molecules such as plant-derived phenols. [Aim of study]: This study identified the major phenolic compounds of a grape seed extract by HPLC and analyzed the effect of consumption of biscuits enriched with this extract on the urinary oxidative status of healthy subjects by measurement of urine redox potential. [Methods]: The major phenolic compounds were characterized in a red grape seed extract separated by HPLC with detection by a photodiode array (PDA), fluorescence (FL) and quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). A nutritional study in a healthy volunteers group was done. Each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits with no red grape seed extract supplementation. The second day each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits supplemented with 0.6 % (wt/wt) of grape seed extract. An overnight urine sample was obtained for each treatment. The redox potential was measured at 25 °C using a potentiometer in each urine sample. [Results]: Epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin dimers B1 to B4, and the procyanidin trimer C2 were the major phenolic components in the extract. Epicatechin gallate and procyanidin dimers B1-3-G and B2-3′-G were the major galloylated flavan-3-ols. The forty-six healthy volunteers each shown a reduction of the urine redox potential after the treatment by traditional biscuits supplemented with the grape seed extract. [Conclusions]: This simple dietary intervention significantly reduced (33 %) the urine redox potential, reflecting an overall increase in antioxidant status. Incorporation of plant-derived phenols in the diet may increase anti-oxidative status.This work was supported by grant CTQ2010-18271 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Gobierno de España), by FEDER funds (European Union), and by grant 9/2011 from the Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Universitat (Govern de les Illes Balears). CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, also provided support.Peer Reviewe

A DEA Approach for Evaluating the Labor Efficiency in the Rural Hotel Industry: A Case Study in Spain

In this paper, labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry is analyzed while considering the characteristics regarding labor and infrastructure of the various Spanish provinces. The methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of 52 Spanish provinces. As analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multivariate Analysis have been used. Although rural tourism is consolidated in the Spanish holiday culture, the effect of labor efficiency on Spanish provinces is uneven. Performance depends on the geographical area; thus, labor efficiency is only achieved in Asturias and Balearic Islands, where rural tourism has a strong and positive impact on employment. The variable length of stay of the holiday period carries important weight for labor efficiency to be reached in said provinces. It can be observed that hotels located in places with charm and with special environmental protection contribute directly to the labor efficiency of the area due to the direct relationship between the area of protected land and the labor efficiency of the province. Several provincial groups are established with a variety of different characteristics, which confirms that the level of labor efficiency in the sector has yet to be maximized